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　　Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes.A new study  26 that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.

　　In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for sex differences throughout the entire human brain.

　　And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for 28 brains as “male” or “female”， research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.

　　Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based 29 , many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.

　　While the “average”male and“average”female brains were 30 different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small 31 of people had  “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.

　　Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist（神经科学家）， said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, 33 of gender.

　　“There’s a mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.

　　If anything, he said, the study 35 that gender plays a very important role in the brain—“even when we are not clear exactly how.”

　　A）abnormal

　　B）applied

　　C）briefly

　　D）categorizing

　　E）challenges

　　F）figure

　　G）percentage

　　H）proving

　　I） regardless

　　J） searched

　　K）similarities

　　L）slightly

　　M）suggests

　　N）tastes

　　O）traditional

　　答案：

　　26. E  27. J  28. D  29.K   30. L   31. G  32.O  33. I   34. H  35. M

　　真经派答案解析：

　　26题：根据空格前后单词，A new study （1） that belief可以判断26题缺乏的是动词，那原文中的the belief则是题目之前的many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are male and female brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes, 而后文中的questioning whether brains really can distinguished by gender, 单词给的最好的是questioning，疑问，询问，质询。所以根据原文意思这个心的研究是驳斥了这个观点的。回到选项找动词，B选项，applied，应用；D选项categorizing，分类；E选项，challenges，挑战；F选项，figure，指出；H选项，proving，证明，证实；J选项，searched，寻找；M选项，suggests，建议；N选项tastes，品尝。根据单词意思，只有E选项，挑战可以成为答案，答案确定。

　　27题：根据空格前后的单词In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers……27 for sex differences throughout the entire human brain，判断答案词性为动词，研究者做了什么事情，而搭配的sex differences throughout the entire human brain，difference强调的是区别，在整个人类的大脑中怎么样了六个不一样的区别；回到选项找动词。B选项，applied，应用；D选项categorizing，分类；F选项，figure，指出；H选项，proving，证明，证实；J选项，searched，寻找；M选项，suggests，建议；N选项tastes，品尝，只有单词J选项，searched for the difference, 寻找不一样的点可以成为答案，答案确定。

　　28题：根据空格前后单词，rather than offer evidence for （28） brains as male or female,空格在介词for之后，在名词brains前面，而空格前面的offer evidence为提供证据，我们可以判断3空是动词，为（28）提拱了证据。而后文中的research shows that brains fail into a wide range强调的是大脑有一系列的范围，那就驳斥了把大脑分成男性和女性这两种种类。根据词性为动词在介词for后面意味着答案是动词的ing形式，回到选项找答案。 D选项categorizing，分类和H选项，proving，证明，证实，根据句子意思选择D选项，分类为男性和女性种类。

　　29题：根据空格前后文，there are some gender-based （29）， 判断4题的词性为名词，这里有一些以性别为基础的（29），根据句子意思判断，29题前后出现了while表达转折关系。句子的意思是景观这里有一些基于性别的（29），也还是有很多不同类别的大脑而这些大脑是不能按照性别分类的。原文后面强调的是不同的类别，而转折关系提醒我们，前面应该说的就是相同点了。回到选项找提到相同点的名词，K选项，similarities强调相同点，成为答案。

　　30题：30题前面的单词是were而后面的单词是different，判断答案单词是副词修饰形容词different，回到选项中看到副词之后C选项，briefly短暂地；简略地和L选项，slightly轻微地，些许地。根据空格后搭配的different，不一样这个单词可以判断30题的答案是L选项，轻微地不一样。

　　31题：31题的前面的单词是small，而后面的单词是of people，整体的意思是只有很少的（31）的人有全男性或者是全女性的特征。根据句子意思可以推测答案意思应该是少量的，数量的。回到选项找单词。名词有F选项，figure名词， 数字，人物，图形；G选项，percentage，百分比。答案确定，少数比例的人是全男性或者是全女性的特征。

　　32题：根据题目前后的单词an important addition to a growing body of research questioning （32） beliefs about gender and brain function. 可判断32题的答案词性为形容词，修饰beliefs。而questioning是质疑的意思~质疑的是关于性别和大脑功能的想法。回到选项找形容词，A选项abnormal 形容词，不寻常的；O选项，traditional，传统的。根据原文的表达性别和大脑功能这个是传统的观点，原文一开始就说过很多人觉得人的性别是分男女的，所以答案确定是质疑了传统的观点。

　　33题：根据前后文的意思强调的是来自于这个实验的结论，所有的大脑都是一样的，（33）性别。根据句子意思的表达，原文强调的是不管性别，所有的大脑都是一样的。答案确定，固定搭配regardless of, 尽管，答案确定。

　　34题：根据前后文的单词，evidence （34） the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function可以判断34题是动词，证据显示了性别影响大脑的功能，那回到选项是动词，证明的选项是H选项，proving，证明。

　　35题：根据空格前后文单词，the study和that可以推测，35题缺乏的词性是动词，研究（35）性别扮演了一个非常重要的作用，回到选项找动词。 B选项，applied，应用；F选项，figure，计算，象征；M选项，suggests，建议，启发；N选项，品尝。根据单词意思判断35题答案为M选项，研究建议，研究启发，答案确定。

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.

　　Can Burglars Jam Your wireless Security System？

　　[A] Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinion about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.

　　[B] The most likely type of burglary（入室盗窃） by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2003. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.

　　[C] One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar（入室盗窃）might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensor up around your home that keeps an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed,they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to aa base station that will then raise the alarm. Thatapproach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns-but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming？ With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station？

　　[D] Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people-all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.

　　[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on-that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need to know what system they’ are looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, thought at that point, we’ are talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.

　　[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors’ Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference form targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert（推送警报）。 From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.

　　[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment .After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’ is possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system words. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.

　　[H] We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system words, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly form system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.

　　[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam theirway into your home and steal your stuff？

　　[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically.Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away, so the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window .He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm .So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.

　　[K] At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exploit lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.

　　36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.

　　37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.

　　38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.

　　39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.

　　40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.

　　41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.

　　42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.

　　43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.

　　44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.

　　45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internetsearch.

　　答案：

　　36. I   37. D   38. J  39. F   40. B   41. H  42. C  43. K  44.G  45. E

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　题目：36

　　定位：36题定位单词有Possible, burglars, make jamming attacks, necessary equipment and skill

　　思路：在I段开头找到了Jamming attacks are absolutely possible,题目中的possible, make jamming attacks全部出现，找剩下单词的替换词就可以了。剩下的单词在第二句出现with the right equipment and the right know-how, 单词equipment是原词出现的而know-how直接替换了单词skills, 答案确定。

　　题目：37

　　定位：37题的定位单词有interfering with, wireless security system, similar to, conversation

　　思路：回到D段找到定位，D段第二句话直接出现了a wireless signal原词，而D段最后出现的For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people-all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.直接出现了conversation单词，题目中的similar to和…相似与原文中的for comparison构成了同义词替换。

　　题目：38

　　定位：continuously jam, wireless security device, avoid triggering the alarm, inside and outside the house.

　　思路：回到J段找定位词，在J段第一句话找到了，Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup，直接出现了in a small house和a wireless security setup，我们接着寻找avoid triggering the alarm和outside the house. 而在J段最后出现了However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.原文中的without tripping the anti-jamming system中的tripping，动词，绊倒，犯错，原文的意思是不能绊倒anti-jamming system, 替换了avoid triggering the alarm避免弄响警报系统。

　　题目：39

　　定位：根据题目最明显的定位词是SimpliSafe，然后是are able to distinguish有能力区分，区分的是incidental radio interference和targeted jamming attacks.

　　思路：回到原文在F段找到了Simplisafe的原词。而原文中的utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference form targeted jamming attacks. 更直接给出了incidental radio interference和targeted jamming attacks的原词，那separating…from…就替换了题目中的distinguish鉴别。答案确定。

　　题目：40

　　定位：根据题目，定位词可以定a very small proportion of burglaries和 technical means.

　　思路：回到B段，在B段开头找到了单词burglaries原词而在最后找到了40题的题目单词technical means而原文中的are so small强调的是数量非常少，直接确定是题目中的a very small proportion.答案确定。

　　题目：41

　　定位：根据题目定位词是difficult to crack，Simplisafe和keep changing.

　　思路：回到原文在H段找到了原文，Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly form system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. 题目中的crack出现了原词，而原文的its system is always evolving，evolve动词，进化直接替换了单词changing，改变，而原文中的there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. 对于crack来说没有一个通用的神奇的公式则替换了题目中的difficult，很困难，答案确定。

　　题目：42

　　定位：Wireless devices ，transmit signals，activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.

　　思路：在C段中间直接出现了with a wireless setup替换了42题题目中的wireless devices, 而之后的一句话If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. 直接出现了题目中的transmit signals, the alarm, something wrong和detected，答案确定。

　　题目：43

　　定位：Different measures ，protect one’s home from burglary ，in addition to the wireless security system.题目中出现了表达并列关系的短语in addition to

　　思路：回到原文，在K段找到了直接出现了题目单词的替换。K段第一句的these kinds of system替换了题目中的different measures强调别的手段，而随后出现的should ideally by a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like should locks and proper exploit lighting at night更是给出了单词many-sided approach多种方法和securing your home保护你的家替换题目中的protect one’s home from burglary, 答案确定。

　　题目：44

　　定位：根据题目，可以定位的单词是，SimpliSafe’s devic， send a warning, the house owner’s cellphone.

　　思路：回到原文G段，G段开头出现了定位词Simplisafe而send a warning以及the house owner’s cellphone还没有出现，在G段的靠后部分出现了It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, 原文的send an alert to my smartphone直接出现了cellphone的替换词smartphone，而sent an alert则替换了题目中的send a warning, 答案确定。

　　题目：45

　　定位：根据题目，可以定位的单词是，Burglars， get a security device’s frequency 和Internet search，最明显的单词是Internet

　　思路：回到原文在E段找到了答案。E段第一句话出现的单词是the frequencies而之后出现的with minimal Googling,原文用单词Googling，用谷歌搜索替换了题目中的Internet search，答案确定。

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A）， B）， C）and D）。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　As a person who writers about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.

　　I hate tipping.

　　I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

　　Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggest otherwise. You actually love tipping！ You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money you server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a letter value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.

　　One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough： the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you .Well , if this were true we would all be slipping a few 100 dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are , are catching on to this； in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did any impact on the tips they received.

　　So come on, folks：get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up –front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.

　　46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage？

　　A） He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

　　B） He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

　　C） He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

　　D） He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

　　47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping？

　　A） It sets a bad example for other industries.

　　B） It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.

　　C） It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

　　D） It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.

　　48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author？

　　A） They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.

　　B） They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.

　　C） They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.

　　D） They can have some say in how much their servers earn.

　　49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey？

　　A） Service quality has little effect on tip size.

　　B） It is in human nature to try to save on tips.

　　C） Tips make it more difficult to please customers.

　　D） Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.

　　50. What does the author argue for in the passage？

　　A） Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.

　　B） Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.

　　C） Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.

　　D） Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

　　答案：

　　46. B   47. C   48. D   49. A   50. D

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　题目：46

　　定位：根据题目What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage，可以直接确定Bill Perry是题目的定位词

　　思路：回到原文找定位词，在第一段找到了BP这个人，原文写的是As a person who writers about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage. 作者在原文中表达了他非很喜欢BP这个人，原因是因为BP计划去取缔，禁止小费，原文给出的表示是he plans to ban tipping, 回到选项中找停止消费这个选项。B选项的get rid of固定搭配，摆脱，除去，答案确定。

　　题目：47

　　定位：根据题目what is the main reason why the author hates tipping可以确定47题是要找到作者讨厌Tipping的主要原因。

　　思路：顺着第一题去找第二题，作者讨厌小费制度的原因。原文在第二段直接给出了I hate tipping，表达了作者对于tipping的讨厌态度，但是原因是在第三段给出来的。那作者讨厌的原因是咋说的呢？I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry. 作者在第三段详细地表达了他讨厌的原因。第一层，作者认为小费制度更像是一个责任而不是一个可以选择的选项；第二层作者认为小费制度在考验他的数学，但是最重要的是，他认为小费制度交给雇主来决定是否要给雇员是会让他觉得更舒服的。47题的题目中问的不是原因，而是main reason，主要原因，对应的是原文中的mostly，所以我们回到选项找留给雇主来决定更好就可以了。

　　A选项强调的是这会给其他行业立一个坏的榜样；B选项这会给普通的消费者带来负担；C选项这会强迫消费者去补偿服务人员；D选项这让消费者做数学方面的挑战。四个选项中并没有给出明显的雇主的替换词。那原文出题位置附近有一个单词给的特别漂亮，obligation 名词，责任，义务和C选项中的force somebody to do something，迫使某人做某事构成了同义词替换。那结合作者在第三段最后说的如果让雇主来决定服务人员是否会得到消费他会觉得舒服很多更证明了作者认为给消费让他觉得很不舒服，是一种强迫的感觉。

　　题目：48

　　定位：根据题目，Why do many people love tipping according to the author确定定位词是要找到为什么大多数人喜欢小费制度，顺着第三题往后走

　　思路：我们在第四段直接找到了原词You actually love tipping！ You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money you server makes. 作者认为我们喜欢小费制度的原因是我们会感觉到我们有发言权，我们在决定服务人员的服务价值上发出了自己的声音，表达了自己的观点。回到选项找答案，D选项中的have some say，有一些话说直接替换了原文中的have a voice而题目中的in how much their serves earn直接替换了原文中的how much money your serve makes，答案确定。

　　题目：49

　　定位：根据题目，What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey，确定定位词要找到的是根据一个调查，一些服务人员意识到的事情。回到原文去找调查，然后找服务人员认识到的事情。

　　思路：在第五段最后我们找到了服务人员的看法，Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are , are catching on to this； in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did any impact on the tips they received. 而原文中替换了survey调查这个单词的是poll，名词，投票，民意测验；动词，投票，获得选票。拿这些waiters得出的结论是什么呢，原文用they didn’t believe the job they did any impact on the tips they received, 这些服务人员认为他们所做的服务对于他们的小费来说并没有影响。回到选项找没有影响的这个选项就可以了。A选项，Service quality has little effect on tip size，选项中的effect直接替换了原文中的impact而选项中的has little effect on tip size强调的是对小费的数量影响不大直接替换了原文的意思，答案确定。

　　题目：50

　　定位：根据题目，What does the author argue for in the passage，我们要选择作者在这篇文章中赞成什么。

　　思路：回到原文，找作者赞成的观点。原文的出题位置只剩下了最后一段，So come on, folks：get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up -front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math. 原文作者表达了两层观点，第一个观点是get on board with ditching the outdated tip system，丢掉这个过时了的小费制度；第二个观点是support BP’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math,让我们去支持那些取缔了小费制度的参观。回到选项找正确答案，D选项强调的是工资应该是由雇主发而不是雇员发表达了作者呼吁大家取消小费制度的观点，答案确定。

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened？

　　Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.

　　The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China,Japan,and India.But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains？ Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support spend and subsidies（补贴）for their consumers.”

　　But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.

　　Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations cant’s afford to import as much as they used to.

　　Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the prices drop account for a larger share of the global economy.

　　Consumers, in the U.S. at least, acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.

　　51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage？

　　A）The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.

　　B）Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.

　　C）The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.

　　D）The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.

　　52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy？

　　A） Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.

　　B） Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.

　　C） Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.

　　D） Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.

　　53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down？

　　A）They suspend import of necessities from overseas.

　　B）They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.

　　C）They use their money reserves to back up consumption.

　　D）They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.

　　54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge？

　　A） It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.

　　B） Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.

　　C） It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.

　　D） Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.

　　55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before？

　　A） People are not spending all the money they save on gas.

　　B） The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.

　　C）Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.

　　D）People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.

　　答案：

　　51. C   52. D  53. C  54. B  55. A

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　题目：51

　　定位：根据题目， what does he author mainly discuss in the passage确定我们要找到作者在这篇文章中讨论的主要观点

　　思路：回到文章第一段，找作者的主要观点。作者在第一段里表达了他认为，在过去，不断下跌的油价促进了全世界的经济发展，但是在未来油价对经济的影响好像不是那么大了，第一段一直强调的是falling oil prices和global growth的关系，回到选项中找正确答案。A选项，油价突然下降的原因；B选项，刺激经济增长的可能的方式；C选项，便宜的油价对世界经济的影响。原文中的falling oil prices被cheap oil替换，而global economic growth也是global growth的替换词，答案确定。

　　题目：52

　　定位：根据题目，why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy可以确定我们要在原文中找到一些专家认为低油价会促进经济增长的原因

　　思路：顺着第一题往后找第二题的答案，我们在第二段直接看到了单词experts，专家。而这句话中直接出现了there are still good reasons to believe, 单词reason出现就意味着52题的出题位置确定了，已经给出了因果关系，那原因是什么呢？专家们给出的观点是oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy, 专家们觉得有信心的原因就是因为人们花在油价上的钱越少，他们就越有钱花在别的事情上。回到选项找正确答案，D选项直接给了consumers，出现了消费者；Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities. 而spend their saving则在原文中用more money in their pockets替换，花在别的事情上在题目中就是on other commodities,在别的商品里了，答案确定。

　　题目：53

　　定位：根据题目，What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down可以确定定位词首先要找到oil-exporting countries出口石油的国家，然后要找到oil prices go down, 油价下滑。

　　思路：在第三段找出题目位置和答案，第三段首先出现的是进口石油的国家，原文给的是the biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil但是我们要寻找的是出口是有的国家，接着往后找。在第三段的靠后部分我们找到了表达石油出口的短语，Many oil producers石油的生产者，生产国家就是我们的出口国家了。那发生在这些国家的事情是什么呢？ “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support spend and subsidies（补贴）for their consumers.” 在这句话中我们也直接找到了when prices fall油价下滑的时候，那这些国家做的事情是什么呢？They will draw on their reserves to support spend and subsidies for their consumers,他们会依赖他们存的钱然后去补贴他们的消费者，回到选项找正确答案。C选项给的非常漂亮，单词reserve直接出现了原词而原文中的subsidies则被选项中的back up，支持，后援，补贴直接替换，答案确定。

　　题目：54

　　定位：根据题目How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge确定定位词先找人名，CW，然后找他对于现在的石油价格暴跌的观点

　　思路：回到原文找人名，在文章第五段直接找到了CW的人名出现。那他的观点是什么呢，原文用believe直接替换了观点这一说，Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. CW认为下降的油价带来的负面影响已经超过了带来的好处。那我们回去找正确选项，B选项中直接出现了negative effects和positive effects而选项中的cancel out表达的意思是取消，抵消，选项强调负面影响抵消了正面影响，原文中强调的是负面影响比好处更多，替换词确定，答案确定。

　　题目：55

　　定位：根据题目，Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before，确定我们要找到的首先是原因，我们需要找到的是为什么下降的油价没有像过去一样促进世界经济发展的原因

　　思路：回到原文在倒数第二段开头找到了一句话global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. 强调今天油价下滑对世界经济造成的好处没有以前打了，可是原因还没有给出，我们接着找原因。第二句给出了明显的表示原因的单词One reason is that，原因是什么呢？第一个原因是现在石油出口国家的数量更多了而石油下降对他们造成的损失也会给世界经济造成更大的影响；第二个原因则在第二段给出，以美国消费者举了个例子~他们对于自己的存款更加的慎重了，因为上一次经济危机的记忆还非常深刻；还有一个原因是石油生产国正在减少他们的补贴，这三个原因共同造成了最后的结果，so the savings for global consumers is not as big as oil price plunge might suggest，回到选项直接找正确答案，找正确的替换。A选项，人们并没有把他们从汽油里省下来的钱都花掉；B选项，世界经济会遇到另一个衰退；C选项，石油进口国在全球经济上占了一个很重的比例；D选项，人们担心油价还会下跌。A选项是原文的替换，但难度系数比较大。原文中的表达是Consumers, in the U.S. at least, acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. 原文中最明显的是cautiously with the savings they are getting at the gas pump. 单词savings是原词出现而cautiously，谨慎地则表达出他们花钱更谨慎了，没有花掉所有的，答案确定。

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