学为贵四六级培训项目部提供：2016年12月英语六级考试阅读原文及答案(卷三)。

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　　Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　The tree people in the Lord of Rings—the Ents—can get around by walking. But for real trees, it’s harder to uproot. Because they’re literally rooted into the ground, they are unable to leave and go___26___.

　　When a tree first starts growing in a certain area, it’s likely that the___27___envelope—the temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns and so on—suit it. Otherwise, it would be unable to grow from a seeding. But as it___28___, these conditions may change and the area around it may no longer be suitable for its___29___.

　　When that happens, many trees like walnuts, oaks and pines, rely___30___ on so-called “scatter hoarders,” such as birds, to move their seeds to new localities. Many birds like to store food for the winter, which they___31___ retrieve.

　　When the birds forget to retrieve their food—and  they do sometimes—a seeding has a chance to grow. The bird Clark’s nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100,000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic （共生的） relationship with several pine species, most___32___the whitebark pine.

　　As trees outgrow their ideal___33___ in the face of climate change, these flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help in___34___ trees. It’s a solution for us—getting birds to do the works is cheap and effective—and it could give___35___oaks and pines the opinion to truly “make like a tree and leave.”

　　A. ages

　　B. breathing

　　C. climatic

　　D. elsewhere

　　E. exclusively

　　F. forever

　　G. fruitful

　　H. habitats

　　I. legacy

　　J. notably

　　K. offspring

　　L. replanting

　　M. subsequently

　　N. vulnerable

　　O. withdraws

　　答案：

　　26.D   27.C   28.A   29.K   30.E   31.M   32.J   33.H   34.L   35.N

　　真经派解析：

　　26. 正确选项：D. elsewhere 其他地方。看空白前是go, 不及物动词，可知空白处填副词。从句意来说， go “去”， 故应填D. elsewhere 其他地方。

　　27. 正确选项：C. climatic 气候的 看空白前是the, 后面是envelope 信封，名词， 可知空白处填形容词。再从句意来讲，空白后面有破折号，破折号起解释说明的作用。破折号后面的词是temperature 温度，humidity 湿度，rainfall 降雨，可知跟气候有关，故应填C.climatic  气候的。

　　28. 正确选项：A. ages 长大，变老。 看空白前是it, 后面是逗号， 可知空白处填动词，而且主语是it, 谓语应是三单形式。再从句意上来看，“但是随着它…， 这些条件可能变化…” 故应填A. ages 长大，变老 。

　　29. 正确选项：K. offspring 后代 。看空白前是its,空白后是句号，可知空白处填名词。再从句意上看，“这些地方不再合适对于它的…”，看名词选项，只有“K. offspring 后代 ” 合适。

　　30. 正确选项：E.exclusively 专有地；排他地。看空白前是rely,空白后是on, 可知空白处填副词，副词修饰动词。再从句意上来讲， 故应填E. exclusively 专有地；排他地。

　　31. 正确选项：M.subsequently 随后。看空白前是they, 名词，空白后是retrieve 取回，动词，可知空白处填副词。再看副词选项及句意，“许多鸟喜欢为冬天储存食物，他们…取回” ，故应填M. subsequently 随后。

　　32. 正确选项： J. notably 尤其。看空白前是most, 空白后是the whitebark pine名词，可知空白处填副词或者形容词。再根据句意， the white bark pine 是前面 several pine species 的一种，可知是一种从属强调关系， 故应填 J. notably 尤其。

　　33. 正确选项： H. habitats 栖息地 。看空白前是ideal 形容词，空白后是in 介词，可知空白处填名词。再根据句意，“随着树因长大而不适应他们理想的… 在面对气候变化”，故应填 H. habitats 栖息地。

　　34. 正确选项：L. replanting 新栽种。看空白前是a big help in , 后面是trees 可知空白处填doing形式，a big help in doing sth。再根据句意，“随着树因长大而不适应他们理想的栖息地…”故应填L. replanting 新栽种。

　　35. 正确选项：N. vulnerable 易受伤的……看空白前是give 动词，空白后是oaks 栎树，可知空白处填形容词。再根据句意，前面是帮助种植树，再结合形容词选项，可知填N. vulnerable 易受伤的最合适。

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　The American Workplace Is Broken. Here’s How We Can Start Fixing It.

　　A] Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before. 83% of workers say they’re stressed about their jobs, nearly 50% say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep, and 60% use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours. No wonder only 13% of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.

　　B] Climmers （少许） of hope, however, are beginning to emerge in this bruising environment: Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them, and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork. Yet much more work remains to be done. To call stress an epidemic isn’t exaggeration. The 83% of American employees who are stressed about their jobs—up from 73% just a year before—say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress. And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you’re right. Stress levels increased 18% for women and 24% for men from 1983 to 2009. Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today’s teens are even more stressed than adults.

　　C] Stress is taking a significant toll on our health, and the collective public health cost may be enormous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes, accelerates the aging process, decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety, among numerous other negative health outcomes. Overall, stress-related health problems account for up to 90% of hospital visits, many of them preventable. Your job is “literally killing you,” as The Washington Post put it. It’s also hurting our relationships. Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.

　　D] Seven in 10 workers say they struggle to maintain work-life balance. As technology （and with it, work emails） seeps （渗入） into every aspect of our lives, work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term. Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this 24/7 connectivity, and you’ve got a recipe for overwork, according to Phyllis Moen. “There’s rising work demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers, takeovers, downsizing and other factors,” Moen said. “Part of the work-life issue has to talk about uncertainty about the future.”

　　E] These factors have converged to converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employees overworking to the point of burnout. It’s not only unsustainable for workers, but also for the companies that employ them. Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism （旷工）， reduced employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.

　　F] The U.S. trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendly work policies including paid parental leave, paid sick days and breast-feeding support, according to a 2007 study. The U.S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time, and it’s one of only two countries in the world that does not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave. But even when employees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it. Full-time employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.

　　G] Our modern workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints. The practice of clocking in for an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution, as reflected in the then-popular saying, “Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest.”

　　H] We’ve held on to this workday structure—but thanks to our digital devices, many employees never really clock out. Today, the average American spends 8.8 hours at work daily, and the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings, weekends and even vacations. The problem isn’t the technology itself, but that the technology is being used to create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee. In a competitive work environment, employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them.

　　I] In a study published last year, psychologists coined the term “workplace telepressure” to describe an employee’s urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one’s boss, colleagues or clients. The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work, which over time contributes to physical and mental burnout. Of the 300 employees participating in the study, those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout, like “I’ve no energy for going to work in the morning,” and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused. Telepressure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work.

　　J] Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always “on,” they find ways to accommodate that pressure, including altering their schedules, work habits and interactions with family and friends. Perlow calls this vicious cycle the “cycle of responsiveness”： Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee’s increased responsiveness, they increase their demands on the employee’s time. And because a failure to accept these increased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one’s work, the employee complies.

　　K] To address skyrocketing employee stress levels, many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs, partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being. Some research does suggest that these programs hold promise. A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28% reduction in their stress levels and a 20% improvement in sleep quality. These less-stressed workers gained an average of 62 minutes per week of productivity. While yoga and meditation （静思） are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement. The conditions creating the stress are long hours, unrealistic demands and deadlines, and work-life conflict.

　　L] Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution. In a 2011 study, she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment （ROWE） on the productivity and well-being of employees at Best Buy’s corporate headquarters.

　　M] For the study, 325 employees spent six months taking part in ROWE, while a control group of 334 employees continued with their normal workflow. The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked—the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done. The results were striking. After six months, the employees who participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time, and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night. The employees were less likely to leave their jobs, resulting in reduced turnover. It’s important to note that the increased flexibility didn’t encourage them to work around the clock. “They didn’t work anywhere and all the time—they were better able to manage their work,” Moen said. “Flexibility and control is key,” she continued.

　　36. Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off.

　　37. The overwhelming majority of employees attribute their stress mainly to low pay and an excessive workload.

　　38. According to Moen, flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.

　　39. Flexibility resulting from the use of digital devices benefits employers instead of employees.

　　40. Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress, they will be less motivated, less productive and more likely to quit.

　　41. In-office wellness programs may help reduce stress levels, but they are hardly an ultimate solution to the problem.

　　42. Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.

　　43. If employees respond quickly to their job assignments, the employer is likely to demand more from them.

　　44. With technology everywhere in our life, it has become virtually impossible for most workers to keep a balance between work and life.

　　45. In America today, even teenagers suffer from stress, and their problem is even more serious than grown-ups’。

　　答案：

　　36.F   37.B   38.M   39.H   40.E   41.K   42.C   43.J   44.D   45.B

　　真经派答案解析：

　　36. 正确答案：F。第一步，读题目，找定位词，pressure, overwork, paid time off 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 F 段最后1.2句话。同义替换词有：deterring= prevent。

　　37. 正确答案：B。第一步，读题目，找定位词，overwhelming majority, stress, low pay, excessive workload 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 B 段第 3句话。同义替换词有：lower pay=poor compensation 补贴，福利；excessive=unreasonable。

　　38. 正确答案：M。第一步，读题目，找定位词，flexibility, control, work and time 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 M 段最后1.2句话。同义替换词有：control=manage。

　　39. 正确答案：H。第一步，读题目，找定位词，digital devices, benefits 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 H 段最后1.2句话。同义替换词有：benefit= create, , instead of= rather than。

　　40. 正确答案：E。第一步，读题目，找定位词，less motivated, less productive, quit 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 E 段第3句话。同义替换词有：research=science, shown=find, correlation=if…， will be…， reduced=less, disengagement= quit。

　　41. 正确答案：K。第一步，读题目，找定位词，In-office wellness, hardly an ultimate solution 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 K 段第1, 和倒数第2句话。同义替换词有：in-office=workplace，hardly= do little, ultimate=root。

　　42. 正确答案：C。第一步，读题目，找定位词，Health problem, public health expenses 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 C 段第 1句话。同义替换词有：huge=enormous, expenses=cost。

　　43. 正确答案：J。第一步，读题目，找定位词，job assignments, demand more 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 J 段第2 句话。同义替换词有：quickly=increased, increase= more。

　　44. 正确答案：D。第一步，读题目，找定位词，balance between work and life 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 D 段第 1,2句话。同义替换词有： keep=maintain, impossible=meaningless, virtually=almost。

　　45. 正确答案：B。第一步，读题目，找定位词，teenagers, more serious than grown-ups’ 。第二步，回原文找，定位到 B 段最后一句话。同义替换词有：teenagers=teens, grown-ups= adults。

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage 1

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future. It’s dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t alone in trumpeting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.

　　Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.

　　The ubiquitous （无所不在的） battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.

　　The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.

　　Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the decade, it’s expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.

　　Today’s battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet. Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.

　　To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become “prosumers,” who produce and consume their own energy onsite?

　　No one knows which—if any—battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.

　　46. What does Dr. Sadoway think of energy storage?

　　A. It involves the application of sophisticated technology.

　　B. It is the direction energy development should follow.

　　C. It will prove to be a profitable business.

　　D. It is a technology benefiting everyone.

　　47. What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widely used?

　　A. Mobile-first lifestyles will become popular.

　　B. The globalization process will be accelerated.

　　C. Communications will take more diverse forms.

　　D. The world will undergo revolutionary changes.

　　48. In some rural communities of emerging economies, people have begun to______.

　　A. find digital devices simply indispensable

　　B. communicate primarily by mobile phone

　　C. light their homes with stored solar energy

　　D. distribute power with wires and wooden poles

　　49. Utility companies have begun to realize that battery technologies______.

　　A. benefit their business

　　B. transmit power faster

　　C. promote innovation

　　D. encourage competition

　　50. What does the author imply imply about the centralized electric grid?

　　A. It might become a thing of the past.

　　B. It might turn out to be a “prosumer”。

　　C. It will be easier to operate and maintain.

　　D. It will have to be completely transformed.

　　答案：

　　46.B   47.D   48.C   49.A   50.A

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　46. 正确答案：B. 第一步，找定位词，Dr. Sadoway,energy storage 第二步，回原文定位。定位到第一段第一句话和第三句话。答案句为“麻省理工（MIT）的Donald Sadoway 博士怀着改变世界能源未来的希望开始了他自己的电池公司。对于大多数人只有在他们的智能手机没电的时候才想起的技术，这是巨大的进步。但是Sadoway并不是唯一一位将能源储存宣扬为实现更清洁、更有效和更公正的能源未来中必要环节的人。”第三步：看选项。A. 它包含了复杂科技的运用，答案句没提到，错误。B. 它是能源发展应该跟随的方向。与原文这是巨大的进步，不是唯一一位等等符合，故正确。C. 它将证明这一个有利润空间的行业。没提到利润，故错误。D. 它是一个有利于每个人的科技。没提到每个人，故错误。

　　47. 正确答案：D. 第一步，找定位词，advanced batteries, widely used. 第二步，回原文定位。定位到第二段第2句“先进的电池正在步出专业市场，潜入主流市场，标志着电动汽车和屋顶太阳能电池板等前瞻性技术等临界点。当然，无所不在的电池由来以久。不论好坏，电池令我们的移动第一的生活方式、我们的屏幕文化和我们日益全球化的世界成为可能。然而，尽管这些都令人印象深刻，但与即将到来的那些相比都微不足道。在通讯革命成为现实后，电池现在蓄势待发，将要改变几乎其他一切。” 第三步：看选项。A. 移动第一的生活方式将会变得流行。这只是变化的一种，不能囊括所有变化。B. 全球化进程将会加快，这也只是变化的一种。C. 交流会有多种形式，这个还没提到。D.世界将会发生革命性的变化。正确。

　　48. 正确答案：C. 第一步，找定位词，rural communities. 第二步，回原文定位。定位到文章第四段最后两句。答案句为“在新兴经济中，乡村社区正在绕开传统电力的电线和木质电线杆。非洲和亚洲的一些乡村社区反而正在见证他们的第一批电灯泡被存储在电池里的太阳能点亮。”第三步：看选项。A.发现数字设备不可或缺。没提到数字设备，故错误。B. 主要靠移动电话交流，答案句没提到，错误。C.  用储存的太阳能点亮他们的屋子。正确。D. 用线和木质电线杆传送电力，与原文相反，错误。

　　49. 正确答案：A. 第一步，找定位词，utility.第二步，回原文定位。定位到第5段最后一句，答案句“即使那些曾长期将电池和能源替代形式视为威胁的公用事业单位也在学着接受这些技术，使之成为助力而不是威胁。”第三步：看选项。A. 有利于它们的商业。与原文学着接受，成为助力一致，故正确。

　　50. 正确答案：A. 第一步，找定位词，centralized electric grid. 第二步，回原文定位。定位到倒数第二段最后一句话“当越来越多的人成为“产消合一者”，自己现场产出并消费资金的能源时那些曾花费数十年或者数十亿美金建造的中央电网该怎么办呢？”。第三步：看选项。A. 它可能成为过去式。与原文“产消合一者”就不需要中央电网了，所以正确。

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　More than 100 years ago, American sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people. He spoke out against the idea of “white” and “black” as distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.

　　Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning. In an article published in the journal Science, four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out.

　　“Essentially, I could not agree more with the authors,” said Svante P??bo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes （基因组） of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim. It turned out what Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each shared with Kim.

　　Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Phiadelphia, said that modern genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is also understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined maker of that diversity.

　　Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly dangerous in a medical setting. “If you make clinical predictions based on somebody’s race, you’re going to be wrong a good chunk of the time,” Yudell told Live Science. In the paper, he and his colleagues used the example of cystic fibrosis, which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thought of as a “white” disease.

　　So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like “ancestry” or “population” that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level. The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as apolitical and social, but not biological, variable.

　　“While we argue phasing out racial terminology （术语） in the biological scientists, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities （差异） between groups.” Yudell said.

　　51. Du Bois was opposed to the use of race as______.

　　A. a basis for eplaining human genetic diversity

　　B. an aid to understanding different populations

　　C. an explanation for social and cultural difference

　　D. a term to describe individual human characteristics

　　52. The study by Svante P??bo served as an example to show______.

　　A. modern genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflicts

　　B. race is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversity

　　C. race as a biological term can explain human genetic diversity

　　D. genetics research should consider social and cultural variables

　　53. The example of the disease cystic fibrosis underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry demonstrates that______.

　　A. it is absolutely necessary to put race aside in making diagnosis

　　B. it is important to include social variables in genetics research

　　C. racial categories for genetic diversity could lead to wrong clinical predictions

　　D. discrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinical treatment

　　54. What is Yudell’s suggestion to scientists?

　　A. They be more precise with the language they use.

　　B. They refrain from using politically sensitive terms.

　　C. They throw out irrelevant concepts in their research.

　　D. They examine all possible variables in their research.

　　55. What can be inferred from Yudell’s remark in the last paragraph?

　　A. Clinging to racism prolongs inequity and discrimination.

　　B. Physiological disparities are quite striking among races.

　　C. Doing away with racial discrimination is challenging.

　　D. Racial terms are still useful in certain fields of study.

　　答案：

　　51.C   52.B   53.C   54.A   55.D

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　51. 正确答案：C. 第一步，找定位词，Du Bois, oppose 第二步，回原文定位。定位到第一段第1.2句话，答案句为“ 100多年前，… 担心种族正在被用来从生物学层面揭示他所理解的不同人群之间的社会和文化差异。他公开反对将“白人”和“黑人”视为明显不同的群体的看法，声称这些区分忽略了人类多样性的范围。”第三步：看选项。A. 解释人类基因多样性的基础，错误，不是基因多样性。B. 理解不同人群的辅助。错误。 C. 社会和文化等区别的一个解释，和答案句相符，故正确。D.去描述人类特点的一个术语。

　　52. 正确答案：B. 第一步，找定位词，Svante Paabo. 第二步，回原文定位。定位到第三段第一句。 答案句为“我基本完全同意这些作者的看法，” Svante Paabo 说道，他是生物学家及德国马克斯。普朗克进化人类学研究所的主任。在一个证明遗传差异不会按照种族界限固定下来的实例中，将两位著名的欧洲籍的美国科学家－…和… 的完整基因组与韩国科学家… 的完整基因库进行对比。第三步：看选项。A. 现代基因科学很可能激发种族冲突，没有提到种族冲突，错误。  B. 种族是人类基因多样性的一个界限不清的定义。与“在一个证明遗传差异不会按照种族界限固定下来的实例中”符合，故正确。

　　53. 正确答案：C. 第一步，找定位词，disease cystic fibrosis , African ancestry 第二步，回原文定位。定位到倒数第三段的最后2句话，答案句为“Yudell 告诉美国生命科学网：如果你是基于某人的种族来做临床预测，那么你大部分时候都会是错的。“在这篇论文中，他和同事列举了囊性纤维化的例子，该疾病在非洲裔人身上易漏诊，因为这被认为是”白种人“的疾病”。第三步：看选项。A. 完全有必要在做诊断的时候将种族放在一边。B. 在基因研究中将社会多样性包括进来很重要。C. 对基因多样化的种族分类可能导致错误的临床预测。和文章“易漏诊”对应，故正确。D.对黑人的歧视可能导致临床治疗的忽视，错误，没提到歧视。

　　54. 正确答案：A. 第一步，找定位词，Yudell’s suggestion. 第二步，回原文定位。定位到倒数第二段的第2句话“Yudell说，科学家们对于其语言需要知道的更具体一些，或许可以用像“血统”或者“人群”这样的术语，它们也许更准确地在个体和群体层面上反映出人类与其基因之间的关系。”第三步：看选项。A.他们应该对他们使用的语言更加准确些。与答案句一致，故正确。

　　55. 正确答案：D. 第一步，找定位词，Yudell, last paragraph第二步，回原文定位。定位到最后一段  答案句为“虽然我们认为在生物科学里要逐渐淘汰种族术语，但我们也承认，考虑到我们需要了解结构性的不平等和歧视是如何使群体之间产生健康差异的，将种族作为一个政治或者社会范畴来研究种族主义仍有必要，尽管这充满了挑战。”第三步：看选项。A. 坚持种族主义延长不平等和歧视，错误。B.种族之间的心理不同相当突出。不跟答案句一致，故错误。C. 废除（doing away with） 种族歧视是很有挑战的。不跟答案句一致，错误。D.种族术语仍然在研究的特定领域内有用。与答案句一致，正确。

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