学为贵四六级培训项目部提供：2016年12月英语四级考试阅读原文及答案(卷二)。

　　本篇内容是2016年12月英语四级考试阅读原文及答案(卷二)，试题答案由学为贵老师提供，任何机构不得转载！更多2016年12月英语四级考试真题及答案请关注学为贵官网。

　　Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now……26 heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.

　　Warming waters are known to  27  to coral bleaching（珊瑚白化）and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea   28  . While the top of the ocean is studied, its depths are more difficult to   29  . The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get better   30   of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century   31   of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources,   32   with computer simulations（计算机模拟）， created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel   33  .

　　About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now residents at a   34   of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they're   35   whether the deep-sea warming canceled out warming at the sea's surface.

　　A. absorb

　　B. combined

　　C. contribute

　　D. depth

　　E. emissions

　　F. excursion

　　G. explore

　　H. floor

　　I. heights

　　J. indifferent

　　K. levels

　　L. mixed

　　M. picture

　　N. unsure

　　O. voyage

　　答案：

　　26. A  27. C  28. K  29. G  30. M  31. O  32. B  33. E  34. D  35. N

　　真经派答案解析：

　　26题：26题在语法上出现了明显的比较结果at twice the rate they did 18 years ago,比他们在18年之前的要多两倍。26题前面的单词是Earth’s ocean now，强调地球的海洋现在的状况，后面的单词是heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago。这道题在词性判断上容易带来误解的是单词heat，这个单词有动词和名词含义，动词，加热；名词，热量。理解成动词的话这个句子就很麻烦了~可是heat这个单词在句子里应该是名词含义~我们缺乏动词~本段第一句话就给了，海洋正在升温，而后面的一句话意思是从1856年开始，世界上大约一半的海洋的热量吸收都是从1997年之后才开始的。这样小伙伴就发现了ocean heat intake是海洋热量吸收~那1题的空强调的也是吸收热量的速度比18年前快两倍~回到选项看单词，absorb 动词，吸收，答案确定。

　　27题：Warming waters are known to （27） to coral bleaching and they take up more space than cooler waters，句子出现了明显的并列结构，由and引导~and后面的单词是take up more space than cooler waters，根据并列结构，27题的词性是动词~热水被认为是（27）珊瑚白花，根据意思，应该是warming water导致了coral bleaching,回到选项找导致~看到了C选项，contribute to固定搭配，导致，答案确定。

　　28题：and they take up more space than cooler waters, rising sea （28）， 题目设置还是停留在了并列结构上，抬升了海洋（28），词性是名词，根据意思抬升了海洋的什么呢~回到选项看名词答案，D选项depth，深度；E选项emissions，排放；F选项excursion远足，游览；I选项heights, 高度；K选项，levels, 搭配sea levels海平面，固定搭配出题，答案确定。

　　29题：While the top of the ocean is studied, its depths are more difficult to……29 .根据句子意思海洋的顶部在被研究，海洋的深处是很难（29），固定搭配difficult to do something,根据意思4题的答案应该与studied相似，研究。回到选项找研究这个单词，G选项，explore，动词，探索，探测，答案确定。

　　30题：The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get better……30 of heat absorption from surface to seabed. 题目出现了固定搭配，in order to表示目的，为了get better （30） of heat absorption from surface to seabed，研究者搜集了150年的海洋温度数据。30题出现了A of B结构，是阅读中比较常见的一个结构，翻译和理解的时候直接从后往前推，理解成B的A就好了。为了更好的从海洋表面到海洋深处的热吸收的（30），根据句子意思，我们可以确定是为了更好的理解。根据语法30题在better后面，better，形容词，因此30题的词性是名词。回到选项找名词，D选项，depth，深度；E选项，emission，排放；F选项excursion，远足，游览；I选项heights，高度；M选项，图片，照片；O选项，voyage，航行，航程。根据选项意思，M选项，picture成为答案，为了得到一个更好的图标，理解。

　　31题：They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century……31 of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. 31题原文出现了被动语态，collected by被…搜集。他们的温度数据是从19世纪英国的naval ships的（31）里搜集的，A of B又一次出现，所以小伙伴们一定要拿下这个知识点。从19世纪的英国的海军船的（31）搜集到了数据，回到选项找名词。O选项，voyage 名词，航海日志，航海记录，答案确定。

　　32题：空格前面是the extensive data sources，广泛的数据来源，空格后面给的是with computer simulations，根据语法判断32题的词性是动词，强调The extensive data sources和computer simulations怎样在一起了，然后创造了一个海洋温度改变的时间线。回到选项找动词，B选项combined,联合，结合，固定搭配combine with，联合，意思符合，32题答案确定，B。

　　33题：33题出现and引导的并列结构，and前面的部分是including cooling from volcanic outbreaks，后面的部分是warming from fossil fuel（33）。根据并列前后一致原则，fossil fuel （33）并列的是volcanic outbreaks, 答案词性是名词。根据句子的意思，来自于矿物质燃料，化石燃料。回到选项找名词，D选项，depth深度；E选项，emission，名词，排放；F选项，excursion，远足，游览；I选项，heights高度。根据句子意思可以搭配化石燃料的只有E选项，排放，答案确定。

　　34题：About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now residents at a……34 of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. 根据语法判断，34题位于at a （34）of more than 700 meters,根据A的提示34题的词性一定是名词单数，回到选项看名词单数，D选项，depth深度；F选项，excursion，远足；只有D选项深度可以搭配，答案确定。

　　35题：35题空格前面的单词是they’re，通过语法判断35题的词性是形容词，而后面的单词是whether，是否。句子意思，他们说他们（35）是否深海的热度抵消了海平面的热度。回到选项找形容词，N选项不确定的，答案确定。

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.

　　The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

　　[A] I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation－and how people persevere after setbacks－as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change－a state they called learned helplessness.

　　[B] People can learn to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in people's beliefs about why they had failed.

　　[C] In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve harm math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.

　　[D] Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners－helpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a "fixed mind-set （思维模式）。" Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery-orient children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating （令人生畏）； they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined （注定） for great academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.

　　[E] We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 student for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as "Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change." We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.

　　[F] As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard, They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.

　　[G] Such different outlook had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to the those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester－and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.

　　[H] A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.

　　[I] How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses. Who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.

　　[J] In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine, I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled “You Can Grow Your Brain.” They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.

　　[K] Research is converging （汇聚） on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even genius is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and something that flows naturally from a gift.

　　36. The author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.

　　37. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.

　　38. We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work love of learning.

　　39. Students’ belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.

　　40. In the author's experiment, student with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.

　　41. The author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students' mind-sets on math learning.

　　42. After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

　　43. Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

　　44. People with a fixed mind-set believe that one's intelligence is unchangeable.

　　45. In the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set.

　　答案：

　　36. F   37. C  38. I  39. B  40. G  41. E  42. A  43. J   44. D  45. H

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　题目：36

　　定位：author’s experiment, students with a fixed mind-set, indication of low ability

　　思路：回到F段靠后部分，students with a fixed mind-set在原文中的表达是the students who held a fixed mind-set, 原词出现。原文中的believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability.题目和原文中的low ability是原词，那as a sign of作为…的一个标志直接替换了题目中的an indication of，一个迹象，象征。

　　题目：37

　　定位：focus on effort, children overcome frustration, achieve success.

　　思路：回到C段，C段最后部分直接出现的是These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.原文中的a focus on effort等于题目中的focusing on effort，原文中的resolve helplessness等于题目中的overcome frustration，原文中的generate success等于题目中的achieve success.

　　题目：38

　　定位：cultivate a growth mind-set, telling success stories, emphasize hard work

　　思路：回到I段，I段开头出现了a growth mind-set的原词，原文中的telling stories就是题目中的telling success stories，原文中的result from hard work来自于勤奋就是题目中的emphasize hard work答案确定。

　　题目：39

　　定位：cause of their failure, attitude toward setbacks

　　思路：回到B段，B段开头的给出的why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn，直接出现了单词difficulty替换单词failure，失败，而单词setback名词，挫折，退步也替换了failure和difficulty，而B段给的最明显的是people’s beliefs about whey they had failed,他们失败的原因，直接替换了cause of their failure, 答案确定。

　　题目：40

　　定位：author’s experiment, a growth mind-set, greater perseverance, math problem

　　思路：回到G段，在G段第二句直接出现了the math achievement和students with a growth mind-set原词，而原文中的but as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence.原文中的showed greater persistence表现出了更大的坚持，直接替换了题目中的greater perseverance.

　　题目：41

　　定位：author, conducted an experiment, influence, math learning

　　思路：E段开头的in a study直接替换了题目中的conducted an experiment，而原文中的how their mind-sets might affect their math grades更是明显地给了出题答案。Influence等于affect，math learning等于math grades,答案确定，E。

　　题目：42

　　定位： failing again and again, most animals， give up hope

　　思路：A段第二句直接给出了Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures,答案确定。Mort animals就是原文中的animal experiments,而原文中的after repeated failures就是题目中的failing again and again,而give up hope则是A段最后的After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change，原文的remains passive保持在一个消极的状态就是题目中的give up hope, 放弃了希望。

　　题目：43

　　定位：Informing, the brain as a learning machine, good strategy, enhance their motivation for learning.

　　思路：回到J段，原文的 They were taught that ，他们被告知就是题目中的informing students告知学生；题目中的the brain as a learning machine就是题目中的the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. 他们的脑子像肌肉一样，随着练习会变得越来越强大。而enhance their motivation for learning，提高学习的动力则是在原文中通过举例子告诉我们的，27%的学生愿意努力和9%的学生愿意努力表达了提高了学习动力。

　　题目：44

　　定位：fixed mind-set ，one's intelligence is unchangeable

　　思路：回到D段，第二句话直接给出了 but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. 题目中的intelligence单词出现。而之后的The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a "fixed mind-set （思维模式）。" 则直接表达了One’s intelligence is unchangeable,单词unchangeable就是原文中的a fixed characteristic, 一个固定的特点，特征。

　　题目：45

　　定位： workplace, feedback not be so welcome， managers with a fixed mind-set

　　思路：回到H段，在结尾部分找到了答案。原文中的Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set 直接替换了题目中的mangers with a fixed mind-set而feedback not be so welcome，则是在原文中通过比较关系给出are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.答案确定。

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A）， B）， C） and D）。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote," are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."

　　Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.

　　Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales if untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

　　The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.

　　Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.

　　Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however.

　　Some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.

　　While reformulating recipes（配方）is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches－including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes－will be needed. There is no silver bullet.

　　46. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco.

　　A. They were profitable to manufacture.

　　B. They were in ever-increasing demand.

　　C. They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.

　　D. They were no longer considered necessities of life.

　　47. Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?

　　A. They are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.

　　B. They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.

　　C. They practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.

　　D. The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.

　　48. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?

　　A. It did not work out as well as was expected.

　　B. It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.

　　C. It could not succeed without German cooperation.

　　D. It met with firm opposition from the food industry.

　　49. What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?

　　A. Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.

　　B. Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.

　　C. Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.

　　D. Adjusting the physical composition of their products.

　　50. What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet"（Line 4, Para 7）？

　　A. There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.

　　B. There is no hope of success without public cooperation.

　　C. There is on hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.

　　D. There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.

　　答案：

　　46. C  47. B  48. A  49. D  50. A

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　题目：46

　　定位：根据题干What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco，这道题最明显的定位词是Adam Smith关于sugar, alcohol and tobacco的观点

　　思路：回到原文找到Adam Smith，在文章开头就给出了人名，"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote," 根据同义词我们可以直接删掉原文的第一句话，把重点摆在后面这句话上are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."通过对原文的把控，我们发现Adam Smith认为这三个东西是nowhere necessaries of life不是生活的必需品，当是却在全世界范围内被消费而这些物品也是popular subjects of taxation，确定原文的表达之后，回到选项找正确答案。C选项的They were subject to taxation almost everywhere. 直接出现了原文原词taxation，subject也是原词出现的而almost everywhere则是原文中的universal consumption，因此答案确定。

　　题目：47

　　定位：根据题干Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar? 我们确定2题要寻找的是原因，这个原因是很多国家开始考虑对糖收税的原因，回到原文直接定位。

　　思路：在第二段最后出现了答案，原文中的 governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well. 就是题目的同义替换词，countries是原词出现的，而started to consider taxing sugar则是用begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well表达的，原因来自于这句话之前，原文的表述是With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, 持续增加的肥胖水平迫使大家更关注健康问题。回到选项找答案，在B选项中直接出现了health problem, 替换了原文的health systems，答案确定。

　　题目：48

　　定位：根据题目What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods，我们确定明显的定位词是Danish taxation on fat-rich foods,回到原文直接定位。

　　思路：回到原文，我们在第三段找到了原词。原文的表述是By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare. 原文中的a Danish tax on food high in fats就是原文中的Danish taxation on fat-rich foods, 原文强调这个政策被abandoned（抛弃，放弃，废弃），被放弃的原因来自于很多顾客跑到了Germany去满足他们所需要的cheaper, fattier fare.回到选项找答案，A选项强调说没有我们预期的效果那么好，答案直接确定。

　　题目：49

　　定位：根据题目What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty? 我们确定定位词首先要找到food companies, 然后要找到make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty，回到原文找答案。

　　思路：在原文第四段直接找到了food industry替换了题目中的food companies，我们寻找他们做了什么事情就好了。The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.可是第四段出现的动词是opposed反对，demonstrate，显示并没有出现食品公司的努力，我们顺着去第五段找答案，第五段开头给出的单词就提示了出题位置，Over the past three decades, 原文中的over the past three decades，在过去的三十年，直接替换了题目中的recent，那原文中的the industry has made some efforts就是题目中的the more recent effort by food companies, 那我们找他们做了啥就可以了~原文的表达是to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages. 好了，我们确定答案是食品公司cut the amount of sugar, 降低了糖分含量，回到选项找答案。A选项，寻找糖分和盐分的替代品；B选项，限制他们的食品里的糖分和盐分的量；C选项，寻找适应消费者需求的方法；D选项调整他们的产品的物理组成，很多小伙伴直接选了B选项，可是B选项是错误答案，最明显的错误原因就是B选项中的salt压根儿没有出现在原文里。因此，这道题的答案还要往后寻找。在原文中直接出现的more recently，更好地提示了我们题目中单词recent，那我们找答案，More recently, however. Some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: 这些公司开始投资钱去一个更有野心的项目，这个项目是什么呢~ learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell.他们做的事情是调整他们的食物的构成 For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.这个时候选项答案确定，D选项，原文中的adjust就是D选项中的原词，而composition则是题目中的make-up,答案确定，这道题的难度系数相对来说比较大。

　　题目：50

　　定位：根据题目，What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet"（Line 4, Para 7）？ 题目的定位词给的非常的明显，在第七段的第四行，作者对于there is no silver bullet的意思，回到原文去找定位词

　　思路：While reformulating recipes（配方）is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. 原文强调改变配方是一种提高健康的方式，但是我们必须确定这个是一个多方面的方法的一部分。 The key is to remember that there is not just one solution.我们必须确定这不是一个解决方案。 To deal with obesity, 为了解决肥胖问题，我们应该使用多种方法的混合a mixture of approaches－including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes－will be needed. There is no silver bullet. 根据原文表达的意思我们可以确定作者强调的是单一方法是没有办法解决肥胖问题的，我们必须使用a mixture of approaches，那原文的There is no silver bullet强调的应该是没有一个方法可以解决问题，回到选项找答案，A答案，There is no single easy quick solution to the problem. 这里没有一个单一的，简单的，快的方式来解决这个问题符合我们对原文的理解，答案确定。

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.

　　Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model's body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.

　　The average international runway model has a body mass index （BMI） under 16－low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.

　　"Especially girls and tens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That's especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia（厌食症）results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

　　It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.

　　Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.

　　In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."

　　51. What do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass?

　　A. It has caused needless controversy.

　　B. It is focus of the modeling business.

　　C. It is but a matter of personal taste.

　　D. It affects models' health and safety.

　　52. What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?

　　A. A change in the public's view of female beauty.

　　B. Government legislation about models' weight.

　　C. Elimination of forced weight loss by models.

　　D. Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.

　　53. Why are Record and Austin worried about the low body mass index of models?

　　A. It contributes to many mental illnesses.

　　B. It defines the future of the fashion industry.

　　C. It has great influence on numerous girls and women.

　　D. It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runaway.

　　54. What do we learn about France's fashion industry?

　　A. It has difficulty hiring models.

　　B. It has now a new law to follow.

　　C. It allows girls under 18 on the runway.

　　D. It has overtaken that of the United States.

　　55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?

　　A. It will create a completely new set of rules.

　　B. It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.

　　C. It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.

　　D. It will have models with a higher BMI.

　　答案：

　　51. D   52.  B  53. C  54. B  55. D

　　真经派解题思路解析：

　　题目：51

　　定位：根据题目的表达，What do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass? 51题最好定位的单词是Record and Austin对于fashion model’s body mass的观点。

　　思路：回到原文，在第二段找到了出题位置，人名直接出现，而题目中的model’s body mass也直接出现了找观点就可以了根据原文的表达，这两个人的观点是should be a workplace health and safety issue加上made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.他们认为这个问题是职场的健康和安全问题，回到选项找答案，D选项直接出现了health and safety原词，答案确定。

　　题目：52

　　定位：根据题目的表达，What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial? 52题最好定位的单词是Record and Austin和Monday editorial

　　思路：回到原文，在第二段之后找到了In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, 我们确定了出题位置， In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry. 在这个出题位置上，Record and Austin给政府的建议是管理时尚行业，回到选项找到我们的正确答案。B选项的government是原词，而原文中的regulation管理正是选项中的legalization,答案确定。

　　题目：53

　　定位：根据题目的标题，Why are Record and Austin worried about the low body mass index of models? 这道题的定位词首先要找到原因，然后要找到他们担心the low body mass index of models的原因。

　　思路：回到原文，在第三段直接给出了The average international runway model has a body mass index, 单词mass index是原词出现的。而两个人的观点则是在第三段的最后给出，And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence. Record and Austin觉得非常担心的原因有两个点，一个是about the models themselves，另一个则是the vast number of girls and women their images influence.答案确定，回到选项找原文的替换词。C选项直接出现了girls and women的原词和influence的原词，答案确定。

　　题目：54

　　定位：根据题目的表达，What do we learn about France's fashion industry?  确定54题的定位词是France’s fashion industry

　　思路：在最后一段找到了France的原词，答案出题位置确定。In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion house  s who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. 根据原文，我们发现在法国，如果雇佣BMI低于18的模特，agents and fashion houses会遭受到一定的惩罚。但是并没有说我们可以学会什么。Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. " 在原文的这句话里给出了，我们可以通过法国的法律，在美国推行法律的时候起到不一样的作用，这个时候答案已近隐约给出了。美国可以学习法国。A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week." 那在最后这句话里给的非常清楚的就是我们也会用一样的方式来管理，回到选项找正确答案。B选项强调的是法国有一个法律可以让我们学习/耿穗，答案直接确定。Law是原词。

　　题目：55

　　定位：根据题目的标题，What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week，我们发现55题的定位词就是4题出题位置附近的一句话。

　　思路：原文中直接给出New Work Fashion Week 的句子是，A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week." 那作者强调的就是美国应该学习法国，雇佣有着过低的BMI指数的agents and houses不能参加Paris Fashion Week要受到一定的惩罚。回到选项找答案，D答案表达的意思是他们要雇佣有着更高的BMI指数的模特和原文中表达的雇佣过于低的BMI的模特会受到惩罚是同一个意思，这道题考了一点反义词替换，难度系数相对来说比较高。

四六级必过App

用这个APP一定过

　　更多四级、六级资讯，请关注学为贵教育官网！届时，小贵贵将为广大贵粉们提供准确、及时、专业的考试信息。